【摘要】 光学显微镜的出现,把生物医学研究从宏观的大体形态水平发展为微观水平,人们利用光镜虽可看到动植物细胞和许多微生物等,但因受其自然光线波长的限制,使其分辨率很难满足人们揭示超微观结构奥秘的需要。有学者通过对电镜应用,研究了大多数有关疾病的超微病理结构,并积累许多相关资料,为将电镜用于各种临床疾病的病理诊断打下了良好的基础,使病理学的水平提高到了一个新的水平。目前电子显微镜病理诊断已广泛应用于临床病理诊断中,特别在传统的临床诊断手段中,无法确诊的病例,电子显微镜就能发挥其重大的作用。
【关键词】 电子显微镜;临床病理;鉴别诊断
Application electron microscopy in clinical diagnosis of pathology
FAN Xiao-jun,CHEN Ming-xia,LIU Yan-sheng,et al.Department of Electron Microscopy,Xi an Jiaotong University Medical School,Xi an 710061,China
[Abstract] The emergence of optical microscopy,make biomedical research from the macro level of the general form to the development of micro-level,the use of light microscopy can be seen in many animal and plant cells and micro-organisms and so on,but its natural light wave length is limited,so it is very difficult to meet the people s resolution to reveal the mystery of ultra-micro-structure needs.It is through the application of electron microscopy to study the disease and the majority of ultra-structural pathological structures,and accumulate a lot of pertinent information for a variety of electron microscopy for the pathological diagnosis of clinical disease with a good foundation,improue the level of pathology to a new level.At present,electron microscopy has been widely used in pathological diagnosis of clinical pathology,especially in the traditional means of clinical diagnosis,not confirmed cases,electron microscopy will be able to play its important role.
[Key words] electron microscopy;clinical pathology;differential diagnosis
电子显微镜在病理学中的应用较为广泛,并不断开拓着病理学的新领域。主要表现在从细胞、亚细胞的形态结构上阐明疾病的发生、发展及转归规律,丰富了传统病理学的知识;通过对亚细胞结构和病原体的观察,可诊断肿瘤疾病、肾小球疾病与其他一些细菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病。近几十年来分子生物学和免疫组织化学的迅速发展,为疾病的诊断提供了许多新的手段。但随着电镜技术的不断改良及与其他技术的紧密结合(如免疫组织化学、免疫荧光等),使电镜的诊断水平又提高到一个新的水平。目前的电镜种类很多,有透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描隧道电镜、原子力电镜等,但应用于临床病理诊断中的主要是透射电镜和扫描电镜[1]。临床病理诊断为最终诊断,所以在疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中,电子显微镜起着举足轻重的作用。
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