【摘要】 目的 探讨自发性肝破裂出血的原因和诊治策略。方法 回顾性研究42例自发性肝破裂病例,分析肝破裂出血的原因以及诊治方式。结果 采取开腹手术止血39例,介入手术止血3例。出血原因包括原发性肝癌破裂、肝血管瘤破裂、肝硬化结节破裂、肝腺瘤破裂、肝脂肪瘤破裂、肝紫斑病破裂和继发性肝癌破裂。结论 原发性肝癌和肝硬化结节破裂出血预后凶险。手术止血是救治自发性肝破裂的主要方法,对于肝占位性病变,应综合考虑,力争行肝切除术。
【关键词】 肝;破裂;自发性;治疗
Surgical treatment of spontaneous hepatorrhexis:a report of 42 cases
WANG Xuelun,ZHANG Qingyi,ZHU Jianyong.
Department of General Surgery,The 478th Hospital of PLA,Kunming 650200,China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the causes and strategy of diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous hepatorrhexis(SH).Methods Retrospectively analyzed fortytwo cases of SH from June 1996 to February 2006.Results Thirtynine abdomen and three intervention operations were performed.The causes of SH included rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma,liver cirrhosis,hepatic angioma,adenoma,lipoma,peliosis and secondary carcinoma of liver.Conclusion Survival of SH due to hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis proved dismal.Abdomen operation tackling hemorrhage was the main approach of SH.Hepatectomy was recommended as to spaceoccupying lesions with comprehensive consideration.
【Key words】 liver;rupture;spontaneous;treatment
自发性肝破裂(spontaneous hepatorrhexis,SH)临床较为少见,但起病急骤,发展迅猛,易导致失血性休克,诊治亦较困难。自1996年6月~2006年2月,我院共收治42例自发性肝破裂出血的病例,现就其破裂原因和诊治情况进行回顾性分析如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 本组共42例,男32例,女10例,年龄14~73岁,平均(43±6.8)岁。全组病例均诉不同程度的腹痛,部分病例伴随恶心、呕吐及腹胀等症状;36例呈贫血貌,31例表现为失血性休克,24例腹膜炎体征阳性,38例腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血。入院前有明确肝炎病史者26例,长期口服避孕药者3例。腹部彩超和(或)上腹部CT提示腹腔积液、肝占位性病变和(或)肝硬化。肝功能提示Child A级9例,B级23例,C级10例;甲胎蛋白(AFP)检测阳性23例。全组病例均经病理确诊,结果为原发性肝癌30例,肝血管瘤4例,肝硬化3例,肝腺瘤2例,肝脂肪瘤、肝紫斑病和继发性肝癌各1例。
1.2 手术方式及预后 介入手术治疗3例,包括2例原发性肝癌和1例继发性肝癌,经股动脉超选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞止血成功,但均未生存超过10个月。
开腹手术方式:(1)单纯缝扎术3例;(2)缝扎+肝动脉结扎术7例;(3)填塞+肝动脉结扎术3例;(4)肝部分切除术16例;(5)左外叶切除术5例;(6)左半肝切除术4例;(7)右半肝切除术1例。全组中仅1例肝硬化结节破裂出血行C手术止血失败,行(1)、(2)手术分别有2例原发性肝癌患者死于术后再出血,行(2)手术有1例肝癌、1例肝硬化死于术后肝功能衰竭。行规则性或不规则性肝切除术26例均成功止血,但有1例行(6)手术死于肝功能衰竭,11例生存期超过1年。
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