【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜下行复杂性胆囊炎胆囊切除的手术方式。方法 83例复杂性胆囊炎患者均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),对术中的操作方法及术中胆囊管残端处理的方式进行分析。结果 83例中除3例中转开腹,2例术后在B超引导下穿刺置管引流后痊愈外,其余病例均成功治愈,无胆管损伤并发症发生。结论 LC治疗复杂性胆囊炎,术前采用B超和(或)CT检查与评估、术中细心分离粘连和不强求用钛夹夹闭或结扎胆囊管,而采用腹腔置管引流法,可减少胆管损伤和中转开腹率。
【关键词】 胆囊结石;复杂性胆囊炎;腹腔镜胆囊切除术
Experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in complicated cholecystitis
CHEN Nianping, DAI Wei, TAN Xiaoyu, CHEN Ming, MIU Huilai, ZHOU Jun (Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001,China)
Abstract: Objective To study the surgical procedures of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for complicated cholecystitis. Methods Eightythree patients with complicated cholecystitis underwent LC, and their surgical techniques, cystic duct stump treatment and therapeutic efficacy were summarized. Results Of 83 cases, only 3 were converted to open surgery and 2 received puncture and indewelling catheter drainage under ultrasound guidance. All cases were cured, and no bile duct injury occurred. Conclusion Preoperative type B ultrasound and CT examination, careful adhesion separation, and simple placement of intraabdominal drainage instead of cystic duct transfixion are helpful for reduction of bile duct trauma and conversion rate.
Key words: cholecystolithiasis; complicated cholecystitis; laparoscopic cholecystectomy
急性化脓坏疽性胆囊炎和慢性萎缩性胆囊炎均为复杂性胆囊炎,由于胆囊壁增厚、钳夹困难、胆囊与周围组织严重粘连及胆囊三角(Calot三角)解剖不清,这给腹腔镜胆囊切除过程带来极大困难和危险。目前复杂性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除时仍常规要求缝合或用钛夹夹闭胆囊管,我院自1993年开始行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)时,对于Calot三角区致密粘连和解剖层次不清的患者采用了不强求缝扎或夹闭胆囊管而采用腹腔置管引流,共治疗83例复杂性胆囊炎患者,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 资料
本组83例均为我院1997年4月至2007年8月收治的复杂性胆囊炎患者,其中男51例,女32例;年龄31~72岁,平均46.2岁;病程14个月~20 a。所有患者术前均经B超和(或)CT诊断为慢性萎缩性胆囊炎并胆囊结石或急性胆囊炎,对于一些含钙量较低的结石和(或)因肠管气体干扰B超显示不清的患者,采用CT确诊。83例中40例入院时有右上腹疼痛、Murphy征阳性、右上腹有明显压痛、肌紧张,其中发热5例和血白细胞升高32例。术前肝功能检查直接胆红素或碱性磷酸酶、r谷胺酰转肽酶升高不能用胆道外疾病解释和术中发现胆囊管粗短者均行术中胆道造影[1]。全套腹腔镜设备采用美国Stryker或日本Olympus产品。
1.2 方法
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