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甲型肝炎疫苗免疫的成本效益分析 |
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陈恩富 姚军 杨介者 王振海 朱顺元 吴祖云 孟庆跃 袁长海 刘兴柱
【摘要】 目的 为提高甲型肝炎疫苗接种的经济效益和为制订甲肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法 采用成本效益分析、成本效益平衡点分析和抗体水平平衡点分析等卫生经济学评价方法。结果 发现调查地嘉兴市在甲型肝炎发病率为41.15/10万的情况下,甲型肝炎疫苗接种的成本效益比为2.53,成本效益平衡点甲型肝炎的发病率应为16.26/10万,对甲型肝炎抗体阳性率50%以上的人群接种时,抗体筛选后再接种能节省费用。结论 开展甲型肝炎疫苗的大规模人群接种具有较高的经济效益,15~29岁的人群为接种的首选对象,对25岁以上人群接种前先进行抗体筛选能节省成本。 【关键词】 甲型肝炎 疫苗 成本效益分析
Cost-benefit analysis for hepatitis A vaccine
CHEN Enfu,YAO Jun,YANG Jiezhe,et al. Zhejiang Provincial Health and Anti-epidemic Station,Hangzhou 310009
【Abstract】 Objective To improve economic benefits of hepatitis A (HA) vaccination and to lay a foundation for formulating an immunization strategy for it. Methods Health economics methods were used for analyzing the cost-benefit ratio, balance point of cost-benefit and balance point of antibody level after HA vaccination. Results The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for HA vaccine was 2.53 in Jiangxing City of Zhejiang Province with an HA-specific incidence rate of 41.15 per ten thousand. Incidence rate of HA was 16.26 per ten thousand at balance point of cost-benefit of HA vaccine. Cost would be reduced if serum HA antibody was screened before vaccination in the population with more than 50% of seropositive HA antibody. Conclusion It indicated that more economic benefits would be gained if mass HA vaccination strategy was used. Vaccinee of choice was those at ages of 15 to 29 years. HA vaccination after antibody screening in the population aged over 25 years would be more ecomonic than the direct use. 【Key words】 Hepatitis A Vaccine Cost-benefit analysis
甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗(H2株)的研制投产及广泛使用,使甲型肝炎(甲肝)有可能成为疫苗可预防的疾病,但存在人群接种的效益评价及接种前是否进行抗体筛选等问题,我们应用成本效益分析方法评价疫苗接种效益,比较两种免疫接种方案,为制定甲肝预防免疫策略提供依据。
资料与方法
一、有关数据和资料:通过查阅相关文献和在浙江省嘉兴市实地调查甲肝疫苗接种、抗体测定费用以及病人患病损失等获得数据。 1.甲肝临床和流行病学数据:大多数甲肝病人预后较好[1]。故此次计算病人费用将慢性病例、复发病例和死亡病例忽略不计。根据浙江省嘉兴市1993年甲肝血清流行病学调查结果,人群的甲肝抗体阳性率为64.06%,1996年嘉兴市甲肝发病率为41.15/1[1] [2] 下一页 上一个医学论文: 坚持使用避孕套情况下的夫妻间艾滋病病毒感染因素分析 下一个医学论文: 江苏省肾综合征出血热监测与疫情预测指标研究
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