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人群中水痘 带状疱疹病毒流行率及其疫苗免疫效果 |
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孙海燕 袁家麟 王树巧
摘 要：为了解健康人群水痘－带状疱疹病毒（VZV）流行情况及国产Oka株水痘减毒活疫苗（水痘疫苗）的免疫效果，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）监测了384名0～50岁健康人群VZV的血清流行病学情况，同时对国产水痘疫苗在2～6岁无水痘感染史及疫苗接种史的健康儿童中进行了免疫原性和人体反应性观察。结果显示：人群中血清抗VZV－IgG阳性率平均为64.32％，年龄别流行率在0～2岁、3～6岁、7～12岁、13～19岁和40～50岁组分别为13.24％、29.58％、75.71％、88.57％和100.00％。说明血清年龄别流行率以0～2岁组最低，以后随年龄增长而很快上升。国产水痘疫苗接种后全身和局部反应轻微，血清抗体阳转率为94.1％，几何平均滴度为1：8.400。证明了该疫苗有良好的有效性和安全性，可用作水痘－带状疱疹病毒自动免疫预防。
关键词：水痘－带状疱疹病毒；流行率；水痘疫苗；免疫效果
分类号：R511.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000－916X（2000）01－0028-03
Prevalence of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Immunogenicity of Varicella Vaccine in Healthy People
SUN Hai-yan, YUAN Jia-lin, WANG Shu-qiao.
（Luwan Epidemic Prevention Station, Shanghai 200025, China.）
Abstract：In order to know sero-prevalence of varicella-zoster virus(VZV) and immunogenicity of national Oka varicella vaccine in healthy people, a whole varicella virus antigen(ELISA kit) was used to investigate the sera prevalence rate of VZV in 384 healthy population of 0～50 years old and the immune response of national attenuated varicella vaccine of Oka strain in susceptible children aged 2～6 years, who should not have a history of VZV infection and have not been immunized was observed. Adverse reactions were also observed in these children. The results showed that age-specific prevalence of anti-VZV in 0～2, 3～6,7～12,13～19,and 40～50 age groups were 13.24%, 29.58%, 75.71%, 88.57% and 100% respectively. No obvious adverse reactions were observed and the positive seroconversion rate was 94.1%, the GMT was 1:8.400. The data indicate that the first selected subjects for VZV vaccination are the preschool children and the national vaccine are effective and safe.
Key words：Varicella-zoster virus; Sero-prevalence; Varicella vaccine; Immune effect▲
水痘－带状疱疹病毒（VZV）感染是儿童期常见的疾病，传染性强，好发于10岁以下儿童。初次感染恢复后，较广泛导致潜伏感染，又可引起带状疱疹。尤其对免疫功能不全者，后果更为严重。Oka株水痘减毒活疫苗自1974年在日本问世以来，已在许多国家开发应用，具有良好的社会效益和经济效益〔1，2〕。上海生物制品研究所（上海所）从日[1] [2] 下一页
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