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铅对大鼠脑神经细胞钙分布和侧棘数的影响 |
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阮素云 顾祖维 马国云 陆纯英
【摘要】 目的 探讨血铅水平与神经细胞损伤的关系。方法 用电镜硝酸镧示踪法，钙细胞化学定位法和Golgi染色法，观察从断奶第一天起，饮用了3个月Pb2+水(分别为10和30 mg/L)的幼鼠脑组织。结果 低剂量组血铅浓度为对照组的1.67倍时，所观察的指标无明显改变。高剂量组血铅浓度为对照组的2.46倍时，可见神经细胞渗透性改变和Ca2+在质膜内的分布增加，同时部分神经细胞树突与轴突内微管解聚，轴突弯曲，树突远端直径变小和树突侧棘数减少。结论 本实验发现的病理改变可能是铅引起发育中脑认知功能低下的病理基础。
【关键词】 铅 神经元
Effects of Lead on Neurone Cells and Distribution of Calcium in Rat Brian Ruan Suyun, Gu Zuwei, Ma Guoyun, et al. Shanghai Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Shanghai 200003
【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationship between blood lead levels and damage in neurone cells. Methods Young rats were fed with water containing 10 and 20 mg/L of lead for three months since the first day of their weaning. Lanthanum nitrate tracing, calcium cytochemical location technique and Golgi s stain were used to observe changes in rat brain tissues. Results There were no obvious changes in brain tissues of the low-dose group as its blood lead level reached 1.67 times high as that in control one. Permeability of neurone cells changed and distribution of calcium in plasmalemma increased and their cytoplasm disintegrated in part of the microtubule in the dendrites and axons of the neurones as its blood lead level in high-dose group reached 2.46 times high as that in control one. Conclusion It is possible that pathological changes found in this study provide a basis for the decrease in cognitive function caused by lead during their middle brain development in rats.
【Key words】 Lead Neurons
铅是强神经性毒物，也是工作环境和生活环境的主要污染物。在我国，90%生活在工业污染区的儿童及50%的普通市区儿童的血铅水平已达到或超过目前国际公认的有损儿童健康的血铅水平［1，2］。铅对儿童神经系统的影响是国际上关注的焦点。我们以刚断奶的幼鼠为实验对象，利用电镜硝酸镧示踪法，钙细胞化学定位法和光镜特殊染色，观察了3个月低浓度铅染毒幼鼠脑皮质区神经细胞质膜渗透性，钙分布、微管、微丝及其树、轴突形态和树突棘数的变化，探讨血铅水平与神经细胞损伤的关系，为制定预防措施提供依据。
材料与方法
1.动物模型及分组：Sprague-Dawley种刚断奶大鼠60只，体重46.50±4.3 g，雌雄各半，随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组。每组20只，对照组从断奶第一天起饮用无离子水，铅染毒组分别给饮用含醋酸铅18和54 mg/L的无离子水(折合铅10和30 mg/L)各3个月。染毒毕[1] [2] 下一页
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