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25起职业性急性中毒事故分析 |
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王丽华 丁小竹 张海燕
【摘要】 目的 了解杭州市重大职业性急性中毒事故发生的原因及其救援情况，进一步提高对重大事故的防范和管理。方法 收集杭州市13年间发生的25起重大职业性急性中毒事故的劳动卫生调查资料，对事故发生的行业、企业、毒物品种采用流行病学分析方法进行统计分析。结果 25起事故共发生中毒131人，死亡22人，乡镇企业的发生率超过国有企业；引起中毒的毒物共10种，发病人数在前5位的毒物依次为硫化氢、苯、一氧化碳、光气和有机磷农药；131名中毒人员中因救援中毒40人，死亡8人，救援人员中毒和死亡率高于直接作业工人。结论 发生事故的原因以缺乏防护知识最为突出。本研究结果为建立基层应急救援体系提供参考依据。
【关键词】 损伤，职业病，中毒 事故 救援作业
Analysis of 25 Episodes of Acute Occupational Poisoning Accidents and Studies on Its Preventive Strategy Wang Lihua, Ding Xiaozhu, Zhang Haiyan. Hangzhou Municipal Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310014
【Abstract】 Objective To study the causes of the occurrence of severe acute occupational poisoning and its first-aid, and to improve its prevention and management. Methods Data of labor health conditions in 25 episodes of poisoning during the past 13 years were collected and analyzed statistically according to industries, enterprises and toxicals. Results Twenty-five episodes of poisoning accidents involved 131 persons, with 22 deaths. The incidence rate of occupational poisoning accidents in township and town enterprises exceeded that in state-owned ones. Ten kinds of toxicants were involved in the poisoning, with the hydrogen sulfide, benzene, carbon monoxide, phosgene and organophosphorus pesticide at the top five palces in the number of cases with poisoning they caused. There were another 131 persons intoxicated during their emergency action and eight deaths, with a higher incidence and mortality rates due to poisoning than those in the operation workers. Conclusion The major causes of the poisoning accidents were lack of knowledge of prevention and protection from them. It laid a good foundation for the establishment of emergency rescuing system in the grassroots.
【Key words】 Injury, occupational disease, poisoning Accidents Rescue work
由于职业性急性中毒事故(以下简称中毒事故)发生突然，中毒人数多，死亡率高，造成的社会危害较一般职业病严重。因此，做好中毒事故的防范工作，建立急性中毒[1] [2] 下一页
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