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白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化 |
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向余劲攻 杨岚 张亚平
摘 要:白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater)和红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus (L.)是两个种还是两个亚种尚有争议。测定了白腹锦鸡C.amherstiae两个个体部分细胞色素b基因序列，得到完全相同的861bp的序列。与红腹锦鸡C.pictus的同源序列相比，在21个位点上出现变异，应用木村资生的双参数法算出两者的遗传距离为2.5％。根据鸡形目细胞色素b基因核苷酸替换的速率约为每百万年05％～ 07％，推断出两种锦鸡的分化时间至少为17百万年。从而在分子水平上支持白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C.pictus)是两个独立种。
关键词：白腹锦鸡；红腹锦鸡；种；细胞色素b基因
中图分类号：Q349 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0253－9772(2000)04－0225－04
Sequence Divergence between Chrysolophus amherstiae
and Chrysolophus pictus
XIANGYU Jin-gong ZHANG Ya-ping
（Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,650023,China）
YANG Lan
（Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,650023,China）
Abstract：It was disputed that Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater) and Chrysolophus pictus (L.) were two species or two subspecies.DNA sequences spanning 861 nucleotide bases of the mitochondrial cytochromeb gene were reported in two C.amherstiae.21 sites were different compared with C.pictus s homologous sequences. Genetic distance between C.amherstiae and was 25％ based on the Kimura s two parameter s methods.The divergence time between C.amherstiae and C.pictus was at least 1.7My based on the substitution rate of nucleotide acid of cytothromeb gene in Galliformes.We suggested that Chrysolophus amherstiae and Chrysolophus pictus are two distinct species.
Key words:Chrysolophus amherstiae；Chrysolophus pictus；species；cytochrome-b gene
锦鸡属(Chrysolophus)在分类学上属于鸡形目(Galliformes)、雉科(Phasianidae)、雉族(Phasianini)，已知仅白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae,Leadbeater)和红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus,L.) 两种［1］，且均为国家II级保护动物。由于白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡在笼养或人工放养条件下容易杂交，而且杂交后代完全可育［2～4］，加之野外有杂交个体存在［5～6］，所以，对于锦鸡属(Chrysolophus)的种级分类问题,引起许多学者的兴趣，从地理分布、形态、生态［1］，鸣声［3］、卵清蛋白电泳［7～8］、线粒体DNA(mt DNA)的限制性内切核酸酶分析［9］、卵壳的超微结构［10］等多方面均进行过研究。研究结果主要有两种观点，一种认为白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡是两个种［1,11～13］，另一种认为是一个种［7］或是两个亚种［8～[1] [2] [3] 下一页
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