和软膜蛛网膜在基底池处相距尚远,故不易混淆。CT显示骨质病变较清楚,数字检影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)显示脑部动静脉有其优越性,可以补MRI之不足。但MRI扫描及增强扫描再加MRA(magnetic resonance arteriography)及MRV(magnetic resonance venography)显影,基本上可以满足临床诊断需要。 三、治疗
根据病因进行治疗是基本原则。有感染者进行抗炎治疗。可酌情将抗生素及激素联合使用。常用的激素有地塞米松、强的松龙、甲强龙等。对免疫性疾病应使用免疫抑制剂。对某些病例则需手术切除受累的硬脑膜。对肥厚性硬脑膜脑炎的患者可考虑将受累的硬脑膜和邻近的脑实质一起切除[5]。HCP和HSP属多学科疾病:涉及神经内科、神经外科,内科,眼科,肿瘤科,骨科及影像学科等。个别HCP病例[16]可出现颅低压,体位性头痛。如作MRI检查,除见硬脑膜增厚外,可见大脑中线结构下陷。对此种病例的处理有别于其他大多数神经科疾病,应予特别注意。如果象本例一样发生器质性精神障碍,则按精神病治疗无效,应以去除病因为主。
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