,最终导致黏膜损害和溃疡形成。
实验中应激后胃黏膜SOD活性进行性下降,MDA升高,表明氧自由基产生增加。相关分析显示SOD和MDA均与胃黏膜细胞凋亡率呈显著相关,且在时间上早于细胞凋亡的发生,提示应激后氧自由基增加是导致胃黏膜细胞凋亡发生的重要原因之一。氧自由基诱导细胞凋亡的机制尚不清楚,可能为:氧自由基直接损伤DNA,导致聚ADP核糖转移酶活化和p53积累;脂质过氧化物使细胞内Ca2+水平增加;通过介导线粒体依赖途径,使线粒体孔通透性改变、线粒体膜去极化,激活半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶(caspases)家族;氧自由基可引起转录因子激活物NF-κB和抑制蛋白(IκB)的解离,激活NF-κB与DNA的结合活性,影响相关基因的转录,改变细胞的表形特征从而诱导细胞凋亡[9];氧自由基作用于细胞膜,诱发脂质过氧化,从而影响细胞的信号传递系统,激发有关的调控基因;调控肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)等细胞因子共同参与等。但如何启动、引发哪些相关基因调控胃黏膜细胞凋亡,值得进一步探讨。
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