对引起哮喘和特应性疾病的遗传变异的理解能够为儿童哮喘的临床诊断和治疗开辟广阔的途径：（1）改变免疫反应的特异性突变体的发现为基因治疗提供了靶子。但由于确定基因突变的研究费时、基因治疗的危险性及高成本，现在还不能合法地对非致死性疾病进行基因治疗。（2）用于发展特异性的药物疗法。针对引起哮喘发病的基因异常，给予相应的药物调节。例如，如果具有加强功能的IL-4变异体或者具有缺乏功能的IFN-γ变异体被确定为哮喘病因，则可以直接制造调节剂。然而，由多基因参与的免疫和炎症反应将可能造成无效或危险性。（3）用于疾病的筛查。可根据研究结果筛查出携带特应性基因者，然后通过改善环境，如避免接触烟雾、防止感染等预防哮喘发作。或根据结果提供早期诊断方法，以便及早对哮喘患儿进行干预。 作者单位：重庆，第三军医大学附属新桥医院儿科 400037
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