SV感染的位点是气道上皮,4个月后病毒蛋白仅能在肺泡巨噬细胞中检出,可能肺泡巨噬细胞是病毒感染持续的来源,造成病毒感染复发。巨噬细胞内RSV能改变宿主对吸入物质的防御机能,触发易感者哮喘发作。与持续病毒感染不同,潜在性病毒感染病毒不复制,但其基因组物质仍存留于宿主,或分离或整合于宿主的基因组,许多引起呼吸道感染的常见病毒都产生潜在感染,增加气道炎症反应,导致BHR及气道狭窄［14］。 3.呼吸道病毒感染的预防展望：呼吸道病毒感染是诱发哮喘发作、使哮喘恶化的重要原因之一,目前尚无确切有效的特异性抗病毒药物,寻找预防呼吸道病毒感染的方法就显得尤为迫切。研究人员正在进行病毒特异性免疫球蛋白(IG)如RSV-IG和病毒疫苗如RSV疫苗以及DNA颗粒多价疫苗等的研制,但由于呼吸道病毒感染的普遍性和病毒自然感染后不能产生持久的免疫保护等因素,临床预防作用和疗效尚不能肯定,亟待深入研究。
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