orta in both groups were significantly higher than those before onset of clamping the aorta (P<0.05), the concentrations of all the cardiac biomarkers measured in the treatment group were much lower than those in control group. cTnI、CKMB showed significant lower level at time points of 30 minutes after clamping off the aorta and 6 hours after the end of CPB (P<0.05). Clinical observations showed that treatment group had successful heart resuscitation, mild ST-segment deviations, less positive inotropic support and shorter length of ICU stay. The myocardial microstructures were found less damages in treatment group than in control group. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that FDP plays substantial, protective roles on myocardial structure and function during cardiac valve replacement surgery.
Key words: Cardiac valve replacement; Fructose-1,6-disphosphate; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Myocardium protection
1,6-二磷酸果糖(Fructose-1,6-disphosphate, FDP)是细胞能量代谢过程中重要的中间产物。现已发现,外源性FDP具有增强细胞供能及钙拮抗、生物膜稳定、减轻氧自由基损害和减少炎性因子释放等作用[1]。其在冠脉搭桥术中的应用能明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,促进心功能恢复[2]。本实验通过检测血浆中心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CKMB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌红蛋白(MYO)等含量变化、临床观察心脏自动复跳情况、正性肌力药用量、术后拔管时间、ICU滞留时间、电镜观察缺血前、后心肌组织超微结构的改变等项目,综合评价FDP在心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例资料 60例心脏瓣膜病患者在体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下行心脏瓣膜置换术。随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者在年龄、性别、体重、瓣膜置换例数(EF)、左室射血分数、心功能分级、心律失常、心脏血栓等方面无明显差异,见表1。全部患者根据病情不同给予强心、利尿、扩血管等治疗。术前均无明显血流动力学改变和肝肾功能异常,无钙、磷代谢异常。
1.2 用药方法 实验组于CPB开始前经中心静脉滴注FDP 150 mg/kg(海南天王国际制药有限公司),20 min内滴完。 CPB中在心脏停搏液中加入相同剂量的FDP。对照组则相应加入等容量的生理盐水。
1.3 麻醉和CPB方法 术前肌注吗啡10 mg、东莨菪碱0.3 mg,采用依托咪脂、异丙酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵及异氟烷等麻醉剂静吸复合麻醉,气管插管。常规监测血压、中心静脉压、体温、血气和电解质及灌注压。肝素化后常规建立CPB,采用膜式氧合器,非搏动灌注。CPB 期间,鼻咽温降至 32 ℃~30 ℃,红细胞比容(Hct)控制在0. 20~0.25,流量和灌注压分别控制在2.4~2. 6 L/(min·m2)和50~80 mmHg。采用冷晶体停搏液加心脏局部低温保护心肌。开放主动脉后根据心肌收缩力及血流动力学情况应用多巴胺[3~8 μg/(kg·min)]和硝普钠[1~5 μg/(kg·min)],必要时加用肾上腺素。
1.4 标本采集和观察 临床观察项目及血浆、组织标本检测详见表2。两组分别于麻醉诱导后转流前(T0)、开放升主动脉后30 min(T1) 、CPB停机后6 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、48 h(
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