,预防的办法是于血管狭窄解除后应严格控制血压,控制在平时基础血压或稍低水平,特别是对于无侧支循环的孤立狭窄血管更应强调对血压的调控。
据报道颈动脉颅外段支架植入术与椎-基底动脉支架植入术相比会出现更多的栓塞事件;最近的研究结果表明,保护伞下的颈动脉支架植入术优于外科颈动脉内膜剥脱术[9-10] 。故对颈动脉狭窄的患者,最优的选择是保护伞下的血管内支架植入术。本组1例颈动脉支架植入术中使用保护伞并收集到动脉粥样硬化斑块,证实了使用保护伞技术可以减少栓塞事件的发生。
血管内支架植入术的近期疗效确切,远期有部分患者由于血管平滑肌细胞或内膜增生而发生再狭窄。支架植入后形成光滑内膜面大约需要14~28天[11] ,因此支架术后至少加强应用抗血小板药物1个月。本组的做法是术后服用氯吡格雷75mg/d,共3个月,肠溶阿司匹林300mg/d,半年后改服100mg/d,长期服用。远期再狭窄问题仍需要继续随访观察。
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