【摘要】 目的 寻找危重烧伤患者伤后早期护理工作量的影响因素,为危重烧伤病房护理人力配备提供借鉴。方法 统计136例危重烧伤患者伤后5 d的护理工作量,对其影响因素行逐步回归分析。结果 危重烧伤患者第1天护理工作量显著高于其后4 d(均P<0.01);烧伤指数和头面烧伤是危重烧伤患者伤后早期护理工作量最重要的影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论 危重烧伤患者入院5 d内以第1天护理工作量最大，其后逐步递减;危重烧伤患者中烧伤指数高、头面烧伤者护理工作量大;护理管理者在配备护理人力时应予充分考虑。
【关键词】 危重烧伤 护理工作量 护理人力配备 相关因素分析 数据收集
Analysis of Influencing Factors in Workload of Early Nursing Care for Patients with Severe Burn∥HUO Yan, SHANG Shaomei, ZHANG Yongwen∥(Nursing School of Peking University, Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract：Objective To identify the influencing factors of workload of early nursing care for patients with severe burn, in order to provide information for the deployment of nursing staff for severe burn wards. Methods Project research of nursing (PRN) system was used to calculate the workload for nursing care for 136 severe burn patients within 5 days after admission and the influencing factors of nursing workload were analyzed by using stepwise regression analysis. Results There were significant differences in nursing workload between the first day and the later 4 days after the admission (P<0.01 for all). The burn index and the burn in head and facial areas were the most important factors affecting the workload of nursing care for severe burn patients (P<0.01 for all). Conclusion The workload of nursing care for the severe burn patients in the first day is the highest, and the workload decreases with time. The nursing workload for the patients with higher burn index and with burn in head and facial areas is high. The nursing managers should take those factors into account in the personnel deployment.
Key words： severe burn; nursing workload; nursing staff deployment; correlation factors analysis; data collection
危重烧伤患者是指烧伤总面积30%以上和/或Ⅲ度烧伤面积在10%以上，或伴有严重合并伤、并发症者;或烧伤面积虽未达上述标准，但系易中毒的化学品烧伤、电接触伤或一氧化碳中毒烧伤特别深，或放射性烧伤深且会有全身放射病者[1]。在平时的车祸、矿难、空难及各类火灾事故中皆可见散在或成批的危重烧伤患者;在战时，随着现代高科技武器的应用，危重烧伤不仅比例高且伤员集中[23]。由于危重烧伤患者伤后早期各类治疗处置繁杂，
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