肌间隙入路手术则对椎旁肌几乎没有损伤,并不容易损伤脊神经后内侧支和腰动脉后支的降肌支,造成椎旁肌的失神经支配萎缩和缺血性萎缩,从而引起FBSS的后遗症比例减少。
总之,椎旁肌间隙入路具有以下优点:(1)出血少;(2)手术时间短;(3)避免了侧方大幅度牵拉、剥离椎旁肌而损伤该肌,保持张力带的完整性;(4)不易损伤腰神经后支和腰动脉背侧支,防止骶棘肌失神经性萎缩;(5)可为椎弓根螺钉的植入提供足够的手术野。其缺点是不能行椎管探查、减压、椎间融合以及椎管内其他疾患的治疗。椎旁肌间隙入路的适应证:(1)以前适用于腰椎外侧病变,如极外侧椎间盘突出症。(2)不需要行椎管探查、减压的L1~4压缩性或爆裂性骨折的后路手术,不伴有椎体脱位,可伴有轻度椎管内占位但无明显硬膜囊受压,无或有轻微神经症状者。
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