DA受体[11],NMDA是特异性NMDA受体激动剂。有文献报道,谷氨酸通过上调Bax及下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平从而诱导小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞系发生凋亡[12]。在原代培养的皮层细胞中,谷氨酸经由线粒体信号转导的caspase活化通路上调caspase-3的表达水平诱导细胞凋亡[13]。我们实验室以前的研究表明,NMDA可导致培养的CGNs大量凋亡[14]。本实验中我们用NMDA(100 μmol/L)急性刺激(30 min)培养的CGNs,发现神经元内抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达下调,而促凋亡基因Bax及凋亡关键酶caspase-3 mRNA表达均显著增加,从而成功利用NMDA处理CGNs建立了神经元凋亡模型。 IL-6是具有基因多效性的细胞因子,在不同组织不同环境下,其作用也不尽相同。本实验观察到,经IL-6预处理的神经元与对照组相比,NMDA刺激后Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显增加,而Bax及caspase-3的表达则显著减少,上述结果表明IL-6可保护神经元,通过上调Bcl-2表达及下调Bax、caspase-3的表达,从而抵抗NMDA诱导的神经元凋亡。有文献报道,脑缺血时诱导产生的IL-6作为一个潜在的内源性神经保护因子拮抗NMDA受体介导的兴奋毒性作用,且在混合培养或单纯培养的大鼠皮层神经元中,IL-6呈剂量依赖性地保护神经元拮抗NMDA的毒性[15]。此外,rhIL-6能增加缺氧-复氧后海马培养神经元Bcl-2的表达和抑制Bax的表达,减少缺氧-复氧后海马神经元凋亡。我们的研究从抗凋亡、促凋亡和凋亡酶的各个层面,在基因水平进一步说明IL-6具有神经保护作用,因而为IL-6的临床研究和临床应用提供新的思路。
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