不同阶段铅暴露孕末期血铅水平与妊娠结局的关系

　　[摘要]目的 探讨孕早期、孕后期及孕全程铅暴露的毒性特点及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 用原子吸收光谱仪测定孕期不同阶段低水平铅暴露后的大鼠孕末期血铅浓度，观察记录仔鼠数、仔鼠质量和胎盘质量。结果不同阶段铅暴露孕末期血铅水平差异显著 ( F=12.01，P <0.01)。孕早期铅暴露易致胎盘质量下降;孕晚期铅暴露影响仔鼠生长;全程铅暴露严重影响妊娠结局。结论 孕期不同时段铅暴露导致不同的妊娠结局，孕早期铅暴露胎盘毒性明显，孕晚期铅暴露胚胎毒性显著。

　　[关键词] 铅中毒;妊娠结局;大鼠

　　BLOOD LEAD LEVEL AND PREGNANT OUTCOME OF LEAD EXPOSURE DURING DIFFERENT GESTATION PERIODS

　　LI HONG， MA HAI-YAN， WANG JIAO-CHEN， et al

　　(Department of Pediatrics， Qingdao Municipal Hospital， Qingdao 266011， China)

　　[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo explore toxicity and pregnancy outcome of lead exposure to rats during early and late gestation periods. MethodsAtomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect the final phase lead concentration after different sta-ges of lead exposure. The number of young rats， their body weight and placenta weight were measured. ResultsThe blood lead levels were significantly different among different stages. Placenta weight decreased in early period with lead exposure;growth of young rats were interfered in end period with lead exposure; the pregnancy outcome with whole period of lead exposure was influ-enced severely. ConclusionLead exposure in different stages of gestation results in different pregnancy outcomes: early lead ex-posure shows obvious toxicity in placenta， while late exposure shows striking toxicity in embryo.

　　[KEY WORDS] lead poisoning; pregnancy outcome; rats

　　为了进一步探讨铅的毒性机制，评价和预测宫内铅暴露危险性，我们建立了孕期不同时段的铅暴露孕鼠模型，对孕末期各项指标进行分析研究，现将结果报告如下。

　　1 材料与方法

　　1.1 动物 清洁级Wistar大鼠108只(由河南省医学实验动物中心提供，合格证号410116)，其中雌性72只，雄性36只;体质量200～250 g。大鼠置于室内温度18～20 ℃、相对湿度40%～70%的屏障系统内适应性饲养10 d。

　　1.2 铅暴露孕鼠模型的建立 将108只大鼠随机分为4组，对照组和实验1、2、3组，每组27只(雌性18只，雄性9只)。将含 0.25 g/ L的醋酸铅(分析纯，购自天津化学用料厂)蒸馏水溶液让大鼠自由饮用进行染毒，非染毒期饮 服蒸馏水。各组均饲以相同饲料。雌雄2∶1合笼饲养，发现阴栓次日为妊娠第1天。根据大鼠孕期3周推算，将观察期设定为20 d。对照组孕期全程(第1～20天)饮服蒸馏水;实验1组孕早期(第1～10天)染毒，孕后期(第11～20天)饮服蒸馏水;实验2组孕早期(第1～10天)饮服蒸馏水，孕后期(第11～20天)染毒;实验3组孕期全程(第1～20天)染毒。

　　1.3 妊娠结局及血铅测定 4组孕鼠分笼饲养。于妊娠第1

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