年增高而发病机制尚不清楚，至今无有效的预防措施。非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)对中度和部分重度腺肌病痛经的治疗经临床证明是有效的。通过抑制COX、减少PGs产生而缓解痛经的同时，能否抑制腺肌病的进展尚需进一步研究论证。
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