进行性发绀,或继发于异常旁路的室上性心动过速者可考虑手术治疗。由于本病的右心功能是渐进性损害,患者心功能恶化不可避免,笔者认为只要确诊三尖瓣下移,出现明显的临床症状或存在三尖瓣重度反流就有手术指征(根据心超测得三尖瓣反流束面积与心房面积比值,<20%为轻度反流;20%~40%为中度;>40%为重度),而且早期手术可以更好地保护右心功能,减少因病情进展所带来的手术危险性和术后并发症。本组1例患者术前心功能为Ⅳ级,术后出现严重低心排综合征致死亡。
Ebstein畸形最常见并发症是预激综合征,约占10%[6]。本组患者合并预激综合征4例。预激综合征是由于异常旁路存在[7],其发生原因可能与三尖瓣畸形使房化室与右房相连接异常有关。术前做电生理和射频消融切断传导旁路,可缩短体外循环时间,并阻止麻醉期间心律失常,心脏骤停。也可在三尖瓣畸形矫正的同时,进行心表面电生理标测,确定异常旁路的位置,再选择性切断异常旁路。本组有1例Ebstein畸形并B型预激综合征患者,术前院外行射频消融治疗失败,术中行三尖瓣成型+房化右室折叠+Kent束切断,随访2年,未再出现室上性心动过速,效果满意。
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